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Islam is the fourth-largest religion in Ukraine, representing 0.6% of the population.〔("What religious group do you belong to?". Sociology poll by Razumkov Centre about the religious situation in Ukraine (2006) )〕 The religion has a long history in Ukraine dating back to the establishment of Crimean Khanate in the 15th century. The majority of Ukrainian Muslims are Crimean Tatars who live in Crimea, a peninsula located on the northern coast of the Black Sea. As of 2012 an estimated 500,000 Muslims lived in Ukraine, including 300,000 Crimean Tatars. Today, Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school is the largest non-Christian religion in Ukraine. ==History of Muslims in Ukraine== While ethnic Ukrainians are predominantly Orthodox and Uniate Christians, Muslims have lived in the territory that makes up modern Ukraine for centuries. Muslim settlements are concentrated in the country's southern half, particularly in Crimea, although there are Lipka Tatars colonies in other regions such as Volhynia and Podolia. The history of Islam in Ukraine is associated with the Crimean Tatars, the Turkic speaking descendants of Turkic and non-Turkic peoples who had settled in Eastern Europe as early as the 7th century. They established the Crimean Khanate in southern Ukraine in the 15th century. The Khanate soon lost its sovereignty and fell under the influence of the Ottoman Empire, although its local rulers retained a significant degree of autonomy. From the 15th to the 18th centuries, Crimean Tatars frequently raided Eastern Slavic lands to capture their inhabitants, enslaving an estimated three million people, predominantly Ukrainians.〔"(The Crimean Tatars and their Russian-Captive Slaves )" (PDF). Eizo Matsuki, ''Mediterranean Studies Group at Hitotsubashi University.''〕〔Alan Fisher, Muscovy and the Black Sea Slave Trade – Canadian American Slavic Studies, 1972, Vol. 6, pp. 575–594〕 The Khanate ended after growing Russian influence led to its annexation into the Russian Empire after the Russo-Turkish Wars in the late 18th century. The Crimean Tatars were Sunnis, and their mufti was regarded as the highest religious figure. Tatar communities were led and represented by local imams. At the time the Khanate was annexed by Russia, its capital of Bakhchysarai had at least 18 mosques along with several madrassas. However, the Russian Empire began persecuting the Muslim population, and nearly 160,000 Tatars were forced to leave Crimea. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Islam in Ukraine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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